Foothills Sentry January 2023

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With over 20 years experience in Orange County, we will find the solution. 714-501-9415 scottshomepros@gmail.com Scott Mays License# 822974-B C-20 Quick diagnosis and timely repairs for your home or ommercial property. Sp cializing in: lectrical, Plumbing, AC/Heating and Pool Equipme t. With over 20 years experi nce in Orange County, we will find the solution. 714-501-9415 scottshomepros@gmail.com ELECTRICAL We accept Credit Cards 714-814-4440 cell FREE ESTIMATES • LOW-LOW $$$ •Recessed Lighting • Fluoresce n t • Troubles h oot ing • 240vOutlets • Breakers/Rewiri ng • Switc h es/Fa ns /Spas • Panel Upgrades Residential • Commercial Industrial email: promptelectricservice@yahoo.com State License C10, 390275 The 21st-century urban coyote is a new kind of wild By Erin Mongan Coyotes (Canis latrans) are not rare in our neighborhoods. Cali- fornia Fish and Game estimates there are 250,000 to 750,000 coy- otes statewide. Many people say to just kill these wild coyotes and be done with it. Others argue to leave these animals alone; they were here first, and we should leave them be. Both of these arguments as- sume that urban coyotes are wild. But they are no longer wild in the way people think they are. They have become habituated to hu- mans and learned to use humans to their advantage to survive, where other predators can not. Coyotes have adapted in large part due to their diet. Omnivores, they typically eat rabbits and mice, fruits, vegetables and eggs. However, a study found that as urbanization increases, the coy- ote’s diet changes. Anthropogen- ic items (pets, human food, trash) were the most common category of food found in coyotes’ diets. These new habituated coyotes are dangerous. They are much more likely to stand their ground, waiting longer than rural coyotes before running away. Coyotes that have no fear of humans are more likely to act aggressively, especially if they know that part of their diet comes from humans. Coyotes have not always been like this. They were just a part of the wild western landscape, kept in check by wolves and moun- tain lions. Now they are the apex predators in urban havens. A study on coyote offspring measured behavior and hor- mone levels over two litters to determine if coyote parents and offspring would become more habituated to humans over time. The results indicated that coyote parents were more habituated with their second litter of pups. We live with urban coyotes. Additionally, second-litter pups were more habituated to humans when compared to the first litter. According to a damage esti- mate from USDA Wildlife Ser- vice, coyotes are causing more trouble than just becoming bold- er. “Damage” in this study means predation on pets and livestock reported in dollar value. The damage was small until 1999 (just over $100,000), then increased to well over $500,000 in 2005. The rate of reported damage in urban areas increased at a greater rate than in rural areas. There was a recorded human-coyote conflict increase of 300% over two peri- ods in Southern California (1990- 98 and 1999-2006). For compari- son, the human population only grew 13%. Urban coyotes are smart, re- sourceful and adaptive. This makes any attempt to manage them difficult. Any solution is further complicated by human opinions and emotions on both sides of the issue. There are ways to manage urban coyotes, but only if everyone works together. We cannot indiscriminately kill coyotes. That is what has been happening for over 100 years, and coyotes have only contin- ued to grow and expand. Killing the alpha coyotes (the only ones that breed) causes all the other females in the pack to breed to make up for the loss. Killing resi- dent coyotes allows lone coyotes to move in, expanding and diver- sifying the gene pool. Tolerating coyotes causes just as much of a problem as killing them. Ignoring coyotes or, worse, leaving out food and water, just leads them to expect good things from people. Two effective systems for man- aging coyotes are technical assis- tance and direct control. Techni- cal assistance involves profes- sional advice on how to prevent conflicts with coyotes by modify- ing the area or behavior. It could include putting in a fence or stor- ing pet food more securely. Direct control is used only in situations where technical assis- tance fails, or where public safety is jeopardized. Direct control is the trapping and removal of coy- otes or euthanizing them. In these situations, technical assistance is offered afterwards, to prevent the problem from returning. A third approach, and one of the best ways regular citizens can help manage coyotes, is hazing. This means yelling and waving, using noisemakers, projectiles, hoses or bear spray. Negative re- actions will make them less likely to approach people. It is clear that coyotes are evolving and are here to stay. Unfortunately for the two sides of the social dispute, there are no good answers. Urban coyotes cannot be managed like their ru- ral cousins because they are no longer the same. We are witness- ing an evolution event before our very eyes. The urban coyote is fast on its way to becoming a new subspecies. Only in recent years has this been clearly identified by field research. There is little to stop them from becoming their very own strain, endemic to cit- ies and neighborhoods. Despite our efforts to manage them, these coyotes have exploited us. We are the ones who may need to adapt and evolve, as we figure out how to put the wild back in the coyote. Erin Mongan, from OPA and a former 4-H Orange Acres Back- breaker, is at Oklahoma State studying animal science. COMPUTER Computer Not Starting? DO YOU HAVE A COMPUTER WITH FAMILY PHOTOS AND OTHER FILES THAT YOU CAN NO LONGER ACCESS? 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